How Dental Health Affects the Body: From Tooth to Blood Supply

Dental health is about more than just clean teeth and fresh breath. In dogs and cats, the condition of the mouth has a direct impact on the rest of the body—including the heart, liver and kidneys. If left untreated, dental disease can lead to pain, infection and even damage to major organs. How? It all starts at the gumline.

From Plaque to Problem: How Dental Disease Begins

The journey begins with plaque—a sticky film made up of bacteria and food particles. If not removed through regular brushing or professional dental care, plaque hardens into tartar. This tartar builds up at the gumline, irritating the gums and allowing bacteria to creep below the surface.

Over time, this can lead to periodontal disease, an infection of the tissues that support the teeth. As the gums recede and the bone breaks down, teeth become loose and painful. But the most serious problem isn't just the tooth loss—it's what happens beyond the mouth.

Tooth to Bloodstream: How Bacteria Travels

When gums are inflamed or infected, they become more permeable. Bacteria from the mouth can then enter the bloodstream—a process known as bacteremia.

Once in the bloodstream, oral bacteria can circulate throughout the body and settle in distant organs. This is how dental disease in the mouth can lead to serious health issues elsewhere, especially in animals with underlying conditions or weakened immune systems.

Which Organs Are Affected?

Heart

Oral bacteria can attach to the heart valves, leading to infective endocarditis, a serious and sometimes fatal heart infection. Studies have shown that pets with dental disease are more likely to develop heart conditions, especially in older dogs.

Liver and Kidneys

The liver and kidneys filter the blood. When bacteria from dental infections reach these organs, they can trigger inflammation and organ damage. Chronic dental disease has been linked to kidney dysfunction in both dogs and cats, which can shorten a pet’s lifespan.

Joints and Bones

In some cases, circulating bacteria can cause joint inflammation or infect other bones, leading to conditions such as septic arthritis.

Signs Your Pet May Have Dental Disease

Dental disease often goes unnoticed until it becomes advanced. Here are some signs to watch for:

• Bad breath (halitosis)

• Red, swollen or bleeding gums

• Drooling or dropping food

• Pawing at the mouth

• Loose or missing teeth

• Reluctance to eat or chew

If you notice any of these signs, your pet should be seen by a vet as soon as possible.

Protecting Your Pet’s Whole-Body Health

The good news? Dental disease is largely preventable with proactive care.

• Daily brushing: Brushing your pet’s teeth is the gold standard for preventing plaque buildup.

• Dental diets and chews: Specially formulated diets and dental treats can help reduce plaque and tartar.

• Regular vet checks: Our vets will examine your pet’s mouth during routine visits and can recommend professional cleanings under anaesthesia when needed.

• Dental X-rays: Just like in human dentistry, x-rays are crucial for detecting disease below the gumline where much of the damage occurs.

Final Thoughts

Dental health is deeply connected to overall health. Infections in the mouth don’t stay there—they can travel through the bloodstream and cause widespread inflammation and organ damage. By prioritising dental care, you're not just protecting your pet’s teeth—you’re safeguarding their entire body.